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Heat Pumps in Cold Weather: Defrost, Steam and Ice

Heat pumps behave differently from furnaces in cold, damp weather. Here is what is normal.

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Steam is normal

In defrost mode the outdoor unit melts frost off its coil, and you may see steam. It usually lasts a few minutes.

Normal defrost: in cold, damp weather a heat pump’s outdoor unit can give off steam for a few minutes.
Normal defrost: in cold, damp weather a heat pump’s outdoor unit can give off steam for a few minutes.
Illustration (AI-generated)

Cool air during defrost

Some systems blow cooler air briefly during defrost.

Ice that stays

Thick ice that does not clear, or ice on the top of the unit, needs a technician.

Keep it clear

Keep snow, leaves and debris clear from around the outdoor unit. See heat pumps.

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